Företag går igenom olika faser under sin livstid, dessa faser beskrivs i en teori som kallas för företagens livscykel. För företagsvärdering kan det vara bra att identifiera i vilken fas i livscykeln ett företag befinner sig för att man skall kunna prognostisera framtida omsättningstillväxt och marginaler. Ett företag brukar sägas gå igenom fyra faser, uppstart, tillväxt, mognad och nedgång.
I uppstartsfasen krävs mycket kapital för uppstartsinvesteringar och under uppstartsfasen är omsättningen låg och företaget gör oftast förlust. Det är väldigt riskfyllt att investera kapital i företag som befinner sig i uppstartsfasen eftersom de flesta företag stupar redan i den här fasen. Den andra fasen i företagens livscykel benämns som tillväxtfasen. Företag i tillväxtfasen har en stark tillväxt i både omsättning och vinst som överstiger tillväxten i hela ekonomin, BNP-tillväxten. Företag i tillväxtfasen behöver kapital för att expandera och det i den här fasen kan en börsintroduktion vara lämplig. Företag i tillväxtfasen har ofta små eller inga utdelningar eftersom vinsterna behövs för att finansiera fortsatt expansion. När marknaden för företagets produkter blivit mättad och företagets marknadsandel stor så går företaget in i en mognadsfas där tillväxten i omsättning och vinst är lika stor som eller något mindre än tillväxten i hela ekonomin, BNP-tillväxten. I mognadsfasen kan företaget ge aktieägarna stora utdelningar. Om marknaden för företagets produkter minskar eller om företaget inte förnyar sig eller inte ger sig ut på andra marknader så kan företaget gå in i en nedgångsfas. I en nedgångsfas så har företaget en negativ tillväxt.
Företagens livscykel är en viktig teori för att underlätta prognostiseringsarbetet för företagsvärdering och aktievärdering.
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Börs & Marknad
Företagens livscykel
- Uppgifter
- Skriven av Aktiefinansanalys.se
- Överordnad kategori: Finansartiklar
- Träffar: 26770